CHAPTER 3: A LONG AND ILLUSTRIOUS HISTORY

Britain only became permanently separated from the continent by the Channel?

About 10,000 Years Ago

The first farmers arrived in Britain?

6,000 Years Ago

People learned to make bronze?

Around 4,000 Years Ago

Julius Caesar led a Roman invasion of Britain?

In 55 BC

Britain remained separate from the Roman Empire?

For Nearly 100 Years

The Emperor Claudius led the Roman army in a new invasion?

In AD 43

The Romans remained in Britain ?

For 400 years

The Roman army left Britain?

In AD 410 To Defend Other Parts Of The Roman Empire And Never Returned

Anglo-Saxon kingdoms were established in Britain?

By About AD 600

The Vikings first visited Britain?

In AD 789 To Raid Coastal Towns And Take Away Goods And Slaves

An invasion led by William, the Duke of Normandy?

In 1066,Defeated Harold, The Saxon King Of England, At The Battle Of Hastings

The period after the Norman Conquest up until?

About 1485 Is Called The Middle Ages (Or The Medieval Period)

King Edward I of England introduced the Statute of Rhuddlan?

In 1284

The Scottish, led by Robert the Bruce, defeated the English at the Battle of Bannockburn, and Scotland remained unconquered by the English?

In 1314

The English ruled an area of Ireland known as the Pale, around Dublin. Some of the important lords in other parts of Ireland accepted the authority of the English king?

By 1200

English kings also fought a long war with France, called the Hundred Years War?

Lasted 116 Years

One of the most famous battles of the Hundred Years War Where King Henry V’s vastly outnumbered English army defeated the French?

In 1415,The Battle Of Agincourt 

The English left France?

In The 1450

A disease, probably a form of plague, came to Britain. This was known as the Black Death?

In 1348

There were few formal limits to the king’s power?

Until 1215,King John Was Forced By Noblemen,Called The Magna Carta (The Great Charter)

In England, official documents were being written in English?

By 1400

A civil war between The House of Lancaster and the House of York for king of England called the Wars of the Roses?

In (1455-1485),The War Ended With The Battle of Bosworth Field,Richard III Of The House of York Was Killed And Henry Tudor(Henry VII ) The House of Lancaster Became King And Married Richard’s niece Elizabeth of York

Protestant ideas gradually gained strength in England, Wales and Scotland? 

During The 16th Century

Henry VII  wanted to make England peaceful and his position as king was secure

he strengthened the central administration of England and reduced the power of the nobles When he died Who continued the policy of centralising power?

His Son Henry VIII

Who took the title ‘King of Ireland’?

His Son Henry VIII

Henry VIII was most famous for breaking away from the Church of Rome and marrying?

Six Times
Henry VIII Protestant son Edward VI when he died and his half-sister Mary (known as ‘Bloody Mary’)devout Catholic and persecuted Protestants became queen?

At The Age Of 15 After Ruling For Just Over Six Years

When the English defeated the Spanish Armada (a large fleet of ships), which had been sent by Spain to conquer England and restore Catholicism and Elizabeth became one of the most popular monarchs?

After 1588

Scotland had also been strongly influenced by Protestant ideas when Protestant Scottish Parliament abolished the authority of the Pope in Scotland and Roman Catholic religious services became illegal?

In 1560

Elizabeth suspected Mary of wanting to take over the English throne, and kept her a prisoner ?

For 20 Years
When Shakespeare was born and died?

William Shakespeare (1564-1616)

Elizabeth I never married and so had no children of her own to inherit her throne and her heir was her cousin James VI of Scotland. When she died?

In 1603

How many years Charles I raise money without Parliament’s approval?

For 11 Years

When Charles I recalled Parliament to ask it for funds?

In 1640

When revolt begun in Ireland and Oliver Cromwell (Army General) sent to Ireland?

In 1641

Charles I entered the House of Commons and tried to arrest how many

parliamentary leaders?

Five

When Civil war between Charles I and Parliament called?

(1642-1646) Battles Of Marston Moor And Naseby 

When Charles I executed?

In 1649 

When was given the title of Lord Protector?

In 1658 (Oliver Cromwell Until His Death)

When Parliament invited Charles II to come back from exile in the Netherlands 

crowned King Charles II of England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland?

In May 1660

When outbreak of plague in London and  great fire destroyed much of the city, including many churches and St Paul’s Cathedral?

In 1665 During Charles II’s Reign
When The Habeas Corpus Act became law?

In 1679

When Isaac Newton was born and died?

(1643-1727)

When Charles II died?

In 1685

When important Protestants in England asked William of Orange to invade England and proclaim himself king?

In 1688

When William of Orange defeated James II at the Battle of the Boyne in Ireland?

In 1690 (Celebrated This Event In Northern Ireland Today)
When The Bill of Rights confirmed the rights of Parliament and the limits of the king’s power?

In 1689

Newspapers were allowed to operate without a government licence called free press  (newspapers and other publications which are not controlled by the government)?

In 1695

When first Jews to come to Britain since the Middle Ages settled in London?

In 1656

When The Act of Union, known as the Treaty of Union in Scotland?

In 1707

When Queen Anne died?

In 1714

When first man called Prime Minister ?

Sir Robert Walpole (1721-1742)

When another attempt Charles Edward Stuart (Bonnie Prince Charlie) back on the throne in place of George I’s son, George II?

In 1745

Charles Edward Stuart (Bonnie Prince Charlie), the grandson of James II, landed in Scotland and supported by clansmen from the Scottish highlands and raised an army.When Charles initially had some successes but was defeated by George II’s army at the Battle of Culloden?

In 1746  (Battle Of Culloden)

When Robert Burns Scottish poet was born and died?

(1759-1796) 

When new ideas about politics, philosophy and science were developed called ‘the Enlightenment’?

During 18th Century

When agriculture was the biggest source of employment in Britain?

Before 18th Century
When Industrial Revolution was the rapid development of industry in Britain?

18th And 19th Centuries
When Richard Arkwright Barber was born and died?

(1732-1792)

When Shake Dean Mahomet was born and died?

(1759-1851) 

When Shake Dean Mahomet served in the Bengal army and came to Britain?

In 1782

When Shake Dean Mahomet eloped with an Irish girl called Jane Daly?

1786

When Shake Dean Mahomet  opened the Hindoostane Coffee House in George Street, London?

1810

When first anti-slavery groups set up in Britain by Quakers?

In 17th Century

When slavery was illegal within Britain itself?

18th Century

When slave trade became illegal in British ships or British ports?

In 1807

When Emancipation Act abolished slavery throughout the British Empire?

In 1833 

When 2 million Indian and Chinese workers were employed to replace the freed slaves?

After 1833

When substantial British colonies in North America?

In 1760 

When 13 American colonies declared their independence, stating that people had a right to establish their own governments?

In 1776

When American colonies  eventually defeated the British army and Britain recognised the colonies’ independence?

In 1783

When Britain fought a number of wars with France?

During 18th Century

When revolution in France and the new French government soon declared war on Britain. Napoleon, who became Emperor of France, continued the war?

In 1789

What happened after Act of Union 1800?

Ireland became unified with England, Scotland and Wales

When Britain’s navy fought against combined French and Spanish fleets, winning the Battle of Trafalgar?

In 1805

When French Wars ended with the defeat of the Emperor Napoleon by the Duke of Wellington at the Battle of Waterloo?

In 1815

When Ireland became unified with England, Scotland and Wales?

In 1801
What age Queen Victoria became queen of the UK?

18 Years

When Queen Victoria became queen of the UK?

In 1837
During the Victorian period, the British Empire grew to cover all of India, Australia and large parts of Africa. It became the largest empire the world has ever seen and how many population it has?

More Than 400 Million People
When 13 million British citizens left the country?

(1853-1913)

When around 120,000 Russian and Polish Jews came to Britain to escape persecution?

(1870-1914)
When repealing of the Corn Laws?

In 1846

When women and children could work was limited by law to 10 hours per day?

In 1847
When Isambard Kingdom Brunel poet was born and died?

(1806-1859) 
When British industry led the world?

In The 19th Century
When Great Exhibition opened in Hyde Park in the Crystal Palace?

In 1851
When Crimean War was started and finished?

(1853-1856)

When Florence Nightingale was born and died?

(1820-1910)

When Florence Nightingale went to Turkey and worked in military hospitals, treating soldiers who were fighting in the Crimean War?

In 1854

When Florence Nightingale established the Nightingale Training School for nurses at St Thomas’ Hospital in London?

In 1860

When large populations of Irish people in cities such as Liverpool, London, Manchester and Glasgow?

In 1861

Which act increased the number of people with the right to vote?

Reform Act Of 1832

Which act created many more urban seats in Parliament and reduced the amount of property that people needed to have before they could vote However, the majority of men still did not have the right to vote and no women could vote?

Reform Act Of 1867

when a woman had fewer rights than men?

In 19th Century 

when a woman got married, her earnings, property and money automatically belonged to her husband?

Until 1870

When Acts of Parliament gave wives the right to keep their own earnings and property?

(1870-1882)

When increasing number of women campaigned and demonstrated for greater rights and, in particular, the right to vote. They formed the women’s suffrage movement and became known as ‘suffragettes’?

In The Late 19th And Early 20th Centuries

When Emmeline Pankhurst was born and died?

(1858-1928)

When Emmeline Pankhurst set up the Women’s Franchise League?

In 1889

When Emmeline Pankhurst  helped found the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU). This was the first group whose members were called ‘suffragettes’?

In 1903

When women over the age of 30 were given voting rights and the right to stand for Parliament?

In 1918

When women were given the right to vote at the age of 21, the same as men?

In 1928
When British Empire continued to grow?

Until 1920
When there was already discussion about its future direction of British Empire?

In The Late 19th Century
When Boer War were started and finish against British war in South Africa with settlers from the Netherlands called the Boers?

(1899-1902)
When Rudyard Kipling poet was born and died?
(1865-1936)

When Rudyard Kipling was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature?

In 1907

When time of optimism started in Britain?

The Early 20th Century 

When Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated during the era of optimism?

28 June 1914

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (Austria) leading to the First World War when First World War was started and finished?

(1914-1918)

How many Indians fought on behalf of Britain in lots of different countries during First World War?

More Than One Million

How many Indians killed on behalf of Britain during First World War?

Around 40,000
During First World War West Indies, Africa, Australia, New Zealand and Canada also fought with the British how many British killed or injured (casualties)?

More Than 2 million British

During First World War when British attacked on the Somme?

In July 1916

During First World War when British attacked on the Somme how many British casualties on the first day alone?

Around 60,000

When The First World War ended with victory for Britain and its allies?

11.00 am On 11th November 1918

When the British government promised ‘Home Rule’ for Ireland?

In 1913

When Irish Nationalists were an uprising (the Easter Rising) against the British in Dublin?
In 1916

After guerrilla war against the British army and the police in Ireland followed when a peace treaty was signed between British and Ireland  and rest of Ireland became the Irish Free State?

(1921-1922)

How many Protestant counties in the north remained part of the UK under the name Northern Ireland after peace treaty signed between British and Ireland ?

Six Counties In The North

When rest of Ireland make its own government and became a republic?

In 1949

When many people’s living conditions got better such as improvements in public housing and new homes were built in many towns and cities?

In 1920

When the world entered the ‘Great Depression’ and some parts of the UK suffered mass unemployment?

In 1929

When the ‘Great Depression’ were felt differently in different parts of the UK?

In 1930

When car ownership doubled from 1 million to 2 million?

(1930-1939) 

When BBC radio broadcasts started?

In 1922

When BBC world’s first regular television service started?

In 1936

When Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany?

In 1933

When Hitler invaded Poland?

In 1939

When German forces defeated allied troops and advanced through France?

In 1940

When Winston Churchill became a Conservative MP?

In 1900

When Winston Churchill became Prime Minister?

In May 1940 

When Winston Churchill lost the General Election?

In 1945

When Winston Churchill returned as Prime Minister?

In 1951

When Winston Churchill stood down for General Election?

In 1964

When Winston Churchill died?

In 1965

During World War II British decided to evacuate British and French soldiers from France in a huge naval operation how many civilian volunteers helped navy from the beaches around Dunkirk?

300,000 Men 

When German invasion against Soviet Union?
In June 1941
When Britain and the Empire stood almost alone against Nazi Germany?

(End June 1940-June 1941)

During World War II fighter planes and eventually won the crucial aerial battle against the Germans, called ‘the Battle of Britain’?

In The Summer Of 1940

During World War II In Singapore, the Japanese defeated the British and then occupied Burma, threatening for India.United States entered the war when Japanese bombed American naval base at Pearl Harbour(Hawaii U.S) ? 

In December 1941

The allied forces gradually gained the upper hand, winning significant victories in North Africa and Italy and German losses in the Soviet Union when allied forces landed in Normandy (this event is often referred to as ‘D-Day’)?

6 June 1944

When allied forces defeated Germany?

In May 1945

When World War II against Japan ended and the United States dropped its newly developed atom bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki?

In August 1945
When Alexander Fleming was born and died?

(1881-1955) 
When Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin?

In 1928

When penicillin were started mass  production?

By 1940

When Alexander Fleming won the Nobel Prize in Medicine?

In 1945

When British people elected a Labour government?

In 1945

When independence was granted to nine countries, including India, Pakistan and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka)?

In 1947

When Other colonies in Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific achieved independence?

Over The Next 20 Years

When Britain Conservative government started?

(1951-1964)
When a period of economic recovery after the war and increasing prosperity for working people?

In 1950

When Clement Attlee was born and died? 

(1883-1967)

When Labour Party won election and Clement Attlee became Prime Minister?

In 1945 

When Clement Attlee work as Prime Minister?

(1945-1951)  For 20 Years

When William Beveridge economist was born and died? 

(1879-1963)
When William Beveridge economist best known for the report Social Insurance and Allied Services (known as the Beveridge Report)?

In 1942

When Beveridge Report was commissioned by the wartime government?

In 1941

When Richard Austen Butler (later Lord Butler) was born and died?

In 1902

When Richard Austen Butler became a Conservative MP?

In 1923

When Richard Austen Butler held several positions before becoming responsible for education?

In 1941

When Richard Austen Butler introduced Education Act (often called ‘The Butler Act’)?

In 1944

When Dylan Thomas Welsh poet and writer was born and died?

(1914-1953)

When Dylan Thomas radio play Under Milk Wood, first performed after his death?

In 1954

When Dylan Thomas wrote poem Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night for dying father?

In 1952

When Dylan Thomas died  in New York what was age?

39

When people from the West Indies were also invited to come and work?

In 1948

When there was still a shortage of labour in the UK?
In 1950

When a period of significant social change. It was known as ‘the Swinging Sixties’?

In 1960

When Britain and France developed the world’s only supersonic commercial airliner, Concorde?

In 1960

When Britain admitted 28,000 people of Indian origin who had been forced to leave Uganda?

During 1970

When television was developed by Scotsman John Logie Baird?

In 1920

When John Logie Baird made the first television broadcast between London and Glasgow?

In 1932

When radar was developed by Scotsman Sir Robert Watson-Watt?

In 1935

When turing machine is a theoretical mathematical device invented by Alan Turing?

In 1930

When the structure of the DNA molecule was discovered?

In 1953

When the Jet engine was developed in Britain by Sir Frank Whittle?
In 1930
When Sir Christopher Cockerell a British inventor, invented the hovercraft?
In 1950

When James Goodfellow invented the cash ­dispensing ATM (automatic teller machine) or ‘cashpoint?
In 1960
When first cash ­dispensing ATM use by Barclays Bank in Enfield?
In 1967
Physiologist Sir Robert Edwards and gynaecologist Patrick invented IVF (in-vitro fertilisation) therapy when world’s first ‘test-tube baby’ was born in Oldham, Lancashire by this therapy?
In 1978
When two British scientists, Sir Ian Wilmot and Keith Campbell led a team which was the first to succeed in cloning a mammal, Dolly the sheep?
In 1996
When World Wide Web ( Sir Tim Berners-Lee) Information was successfully transferred via the web for the first time?
25 December 1990 
When post-war economic boom came to an end?
In 1970
When there were also a time of serious unrest in Northern Ireland?
In 1970
When Northern Ireland Parliament was suspended and Northern Ireland was directly ruled by the UK government?

In 1972